On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article avocado nutrition facts. This article is about the tree and fruit. Avocado Hass – single and halved.

It is native to the Americas and was first domesticated by Mesoamerican tribes more than 5,000 years ago. The fruit of domestic varieties have smooth, buttery, golden-green flesh when ripe. Depending on the cultivar, avocados have green, brown, purplish, or black skin, and may be pear-shaped, egg-shaped, or spherical. For commercial purposes the fruits are picked while immature and ripened after harvesting. In major production regions like Chile, Mexico and California the water demands of avocado farms place strain on local sources. Panicles of flowers with deciduous bracts arise from new growth or the axils of leaves.

The species is variable because of selection pressure by humans to produce larger, fleshier fruits with a thinner exocarp. The earliest residents of northern coastal Peru were living in temporary camps in an ancient wetland and eating avocados, along with chilies, mollusks, sharks, birds, and sea lions. The oldest discovery of an avocado pit comes from Coxcatlan Cave, dating from around 9,000 to 10,000 years ago. The native, undomesticated variety is known as a criollo, and is small, with dark black skin, and contains a large seed. It probably coevolved with extinct megafauna.

The avocado tree also has a long history of cultivation in Central and South America, likely beginning as early as 5,000 BC. A water jar shaped like an avocado, dating to AD 900, was discovered in the pre-Incan city of Chan Chan. 1519 in his book, Suma De Geographia Que Trata De Todas Las Partidas Y Provincias Del Mundo. The first written record in English of the use of the word ‘avocado’ was by Hans Sloane, who coined the term, in a 1696 index of Jamaican plants. Before 1915, the avocado was commonly referred to in California as ahuacate and in Florida as alligator pear. In 1915, the California Avocado Association introduced the then-innovative term avocado to refer to the plant. In Molina’s Nahuatl dictionary “auacatl” is given also as the translation for compañón “testicle”, and this has been taken up in popular culture where a frequent claim is that testicle was the word’s original meaning.

Nahuatl as a euphemism for “testicle”. In the United Kingdom the term avocado pear, applied when avocados first became commonly available in the 1960s, is sometimes used. South Africa and the United Kingdom. It is known as “butter fruit” in parts of India and Hong Kong.

As a subtropical species, avocados need a climate without frost and with little wind. High winds reduce the humidity, dehydrate the flowers, and affect pollination. Increasing demand and production of avocados may cause water shortages in some avocado production areas, such as the Mexican state of Michoacán. Commercial orchards produce an average of seven tonnes per hectare each year, with some orchards achieving 20 tonnes per hectare. Biennial bearing can be a problem, with heavy crops in one year being followed by poor yields the next. Like the banana, the avocado is a climacteric fruit, which matures on the tree, but ripens off the tree.

Avocados used in commerce are picked hard and green and kept in coolers at 3. Avocados must be mature to ripen properly. Avocados that fall off the tree ripen on the ground. The species is only partially able to self-pollinate because of dichogamy in its flowering. This limitation, added to the long juvenile period, makes the species difficult to breed. The avocado is unusual in that the timing of the male and female flower phases differs among cultivars.