Gómez started his club career in his home country with Arsenal de Sarandí in 2005, before joining San Lorenzo in 2009. The following year, he was signed by Italian club Catania. Although he was born in Argentina, Gómez is a dual cannolo of Argentina and Italy, having gained Italian citizenship on 14 May 2016, as his wife is an Italian citizen. He made his senior international debut for Argentina in a friendly against Singapore in 2017, during which he also scored his first international goal.

Gómez began his career playing with the youth squad of Argentine side Arsenal de Sarandí, debuting for the team in 2003. 2 lead going into the second leg. 09 season was his breakout season, as he scored 8 goals in 18 appearances and got into the top scoring charts with braces against Independiente and Velez Sarsfield. San Lorenzo de Almagro signed Gómez for a 2 million dollar transfer fee, half of his estimated market value, in time for the 2009 Clausura tournament. 0 friendly win against Greek side Iraklis.

El Papu contributed 4 goals and 5 assists in each of his first 2 seasons. 13 season, when his playmaking and offensive prowess became the main catalyst of the team, propelling his side to club record highs for home and overall victories, and, for their 5th successive year, points. Catania, for reasons that were never clarified, sold Gómez during the summer and replaced him with the injury-prone and inconsistent Sebastián Leto, whom they acquired on a free transfer from Panathinaikos. UEFA upheld Metalist’s ban from the Champions League two weeks later because of the club’s involvement in match fixing in 2008. Gómez refused to return to Ukraine the following season because of the volatile and violent political climate that emerged during his time there. Following Giacomo Bonaventura’s departure to Milan on 1 September 2014, Atalanta acquired Gómez on the same day, signing him on a three-year deal in the last hours of the summer transfer window in Italy.

The following season, Gómez lead his club in both goals and assists, with 7 and 6 respectively, as he rekindled the form he had shown in his final season at Catania, and, despite the continued lack of attacking support, steered Atalanta to a respectable 13th-place finish in the league. 17 season, Gómez managed to score an unprecedented total of 16 goals as his team finished in the fourth place contrary to the lower pre-season expectations. In 2017, following the departure and retirement of Cristian Raimondi, he became the team’s captain. 0 home win against Dinamo Zagreb. During half time of Atalanta’s Champions League group stage match against FC Midtjylland on 1 December 2020, there was a heated exchange between Gómez and manager Gian Piero Gasperini over his positioning on the pitch.

On 26 January 2021, La Liga club Sevilla announced the signing of Gómez on a deal running until June 2024. In 2007 Gómez was picked to represent the Argentina Under-20 team at the 2007 South American Youth Championship in Paraguay. Having only played internationally for Argentina at youth level, dual citizenship was widely believed to have qualified him for selection to the senior Italian national team, for whom he had expressed interest in playing. On 19 May 2017, Gómez received his first senior call-up by newly appointed coach Jorge Sampaoli for Argentina’s friendlies against Brazil and Singapore in June. In June 2021, Gómez was included in Argentina’s squad for the 2021 Copa América in Brazil.