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Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. The tree’s beauty has been extolled for thousands of years. Later, olive growing spread to all the countries bordering the Mediterranean, and the tree is also planted as an ornamental in suitable climates. Its leaves, leathery and lance-shaped, are dark green above and silvery on the underside and are paired opposite each other on the twig.

S, where the climatic requirements for growth and fruitfulness can be found. Olive varieties do not come true from seed. Seedlings generally produce inferior fruit and must be budded or grafted to one of the named varieties. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. In the early 21st century, Spain and Italy were the world leaders in commercial olive production, followed by Greece. This article was most recently revised and updated by Melissa Petruzzello.

On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. This article is about the tree and the fruit. For olive oil, see Olive oil. Olive grove”, “Olive tree”, and “Olive wood” redirect here. Distribution map, with Olea europaea subsp. This article contains Linear B Unicode characters. Also in multiple other languages the word for “oil” ultimately derives from the name of this tree and its fruit.