On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the orange icing across from the article title. All citrus trees belong to the single genus Citrus and remain almost entirely interfertile. Different names have been given to the many varieties of the species. Italy for its peel, producing a primary essence for perfumes, also used to flavor Earl Grey tea.

It is a hybrid of bitter orange x lemon. Like the sweet orange, it is a pomelo x mandarin hybrid, but arose from a distinct hybridization event. It often serves as a rootstock for sweet orange trees and other Citrus cultivars. An enormous number of cultivars have, like the sweet orange, a mix of pomelo and mandarin ancestry. In several languages, the initial n present in earlier forms of the word dropped off because it may have been mistaken as part of an indefinite article ending in an n sound. This linguistic change is called juncture loss. The color was named after the fruit, and the first recorded use of orange as a color name in English was in 1512.

The sweet orange is not a wild fruit, having arisen in domestication from a cross between a non-pure mandarin orange and a hybrid pomelo that had a substantial mandarin component. In Europe, the Moors introduced the orange to the Iberian Peninsula which was known as Al-Andalus, with large scale cultivation starting in the 10th century as evidenced by complex irrigation techniques specifically adapted to support orange orchards. Spanish travelers introduced the sweet orange into the American continent. On his second voyage in 1493, Christopher Columbus may have planted the fruit in Hispaniola. Archibald Menzies, the botanist and naturalist on the Vancouver Expedition, collected orange seeds in South Africa, raised the seedlings onboard and gave them to several Hawaiian chiefs in 1792.

Florida farmers obtained seeds from New Orleans around 1872, after which orange groves were established by grafting the sweet orange on to sour orange rootstocks. The majority of this crop is used for juice extraction. It has been suggested that portions of this section be split out into another article titled Valencia orange. The Valencia orange is a late-season fruit, and therefore a popular variety when navel oranges are out of season.

This is why an anthropomorphic orange was chosen as the mascot for the 1982 FIFA World Cup, held in Spain. Thomas Rivers, an English nurseryman, imported this variety from the Azores Islands and catalogued it in 1865 under the name Excelsior. Around 1870, he provided trees to S. Parsons, a Long Island nurseryman, who in turn sold them to E. This cultivar was discovered by A.

Hamlin near Glenwood, Florida, in 1879. The fruit is small, smooth, not highly colored, and juicy, with a pale yellow colored juice, especially in fruits that come from lemon rootstock. The fruit may be seedless, or may contain a number of small seeds. The tree is high-yielding and cold-tolerant and it produces good quality fruit, which is harvested from October to December.

Trees from groves in hammocks or areas covered with pine forest are budded on sour orange trees, a method that gives a high solids content. On sand, they are grafted on rough lemon rootstock. Orange seedling — although hybrid, oranges usually come true from seed, through maternal apomixis. Pera: grown in Brazil, it is very popular in the Brazilian citrus industry and yielded 7. Navel oranges are characterized by the growth of a second fruit at the apex, which protrudes slightly and resembles a human navel.