On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. This polish beet soup contains IPA phonetic symbols.

West Slavic language of the Lechitic group written in the Latin script. Those three letters are at times included in an extended 35-letter alphabet, although they are not used in native words. Among the major languages, it is most closely related to Slovak and Czech but differs in terms of pronunciation and general grammar. Historically, Polish was a lingua franca, important both diplomatically and academically in Central and part of Eastern Europe. Polish began to emerge as a distinct language around the 10th century, the process largely triggered by the establishment and development of the Polish state.

Day, ut ia pobrusa, a ty poziwai, meaning “let me grind, and you have a rest” highlighted in red. The precursor to modern Polish is the Old Polish language. Ultimately, Polish descends from the unattested Proto-Slavic language. Poland’s citizens declare Polish as their first language. In the United States, Polish Americans number more than 11 million but most of them cannot speak Polish fluently. According to the 2000 United States Census, 667,414 Americans of age five years and over reported Polish as the language spoken at home, which is about 1. According to the 2011 census there are now over 500,000 people in England and Wales who consider Polish to be their “main” language.

Central and Eastern European languages and dialects. Knowledge of the Polish language within parts of Europe. Polish is not a majority language anywhere outside of Poland, though Polish minority groups are present in some neighboring countries. Statuta synodalia Episcoporum Wratislaviensis printed in 1475 in Wrocław by Kasper Elyan.

The Polish alphabet contains 32 letters. Q, V and X are not used in the Polish language. Most of the middle aged and young speak vernaculars close to standard Polish, while the traditional dialects are preserved among older people in rural areas. First-language speakers of Polish have no trouble understanding each other, and non-native speakers may have difficulty recognizing the regional and social differences. Many linguistic sources categorize Silesian as a dialect of Polish. However, many Silesians consider themselves a separate ethnicity and have been advocating for the recognition of a Silesian language.

According to the last official census in Poland in 2011, over half a million people declared Silesian as their native language. Poles from the territories annexed by the Soviet Union resettled after World War II, the older generation speaks a dialect of Polish characteristic of the Kresy that includes a longer pronunciation of vowels. Warsaw dialect, still spoken by some of the population of Praga on the eastern bank of the Vistula. Poland just after World War II, retain a number of minor features of Polish vocabulary as spoken in the first half of the 20th century that now sound archaic to contemporary visitors from Poland. Polish oral vowels depicted on a vowel chart. Allophones with red dots appear in palatal contexts.

Polish permits complex consonant clusters, which historically often arose from the disappearance of yers. Polish can have word-initial and word-medial clusters of up to four consonants, whereas word-final clusters can have up to five consonants. It also cannot precede the letter y. Alternating preceding syllables carry secondary stress, e. When additional syllables are added to such words through inflection or suffixation, the stress normally becomes regular.