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This article possibly contains original research. A ranking is a relationship between a set of items such that, for any two items, the first is either “ranked higher than”, “ranked lower than” or “ranked equal to” the second. By reducing detailed measures to a sequence of ordinal numbers, rankings make it possible to evaluate complex information according to certain criteria. Analysis of data obtained by ranking commonly requires non-parametric statistics. It is not always possible to assign rankings uniquely. In competition ranking, items that compare equal receive the same ranking number, and then a gap is left in the ranking numbers. The number of ranking numbers that are left out in this gap is one less than the number of items that compared equal.

Equivalently, each item’s ranking number is 1 plus the number of items ranked above it. The number of ranking numbers that are left out in this gap remains one less than the number of items that compared equal. Equivalently, each item’s ranking number is equal to the number of items ranked equal to it or above it. In dense ranking, items that compare equally receive the same ranking number, and the next items receive the immediately following ranking number.

Equivalently, each item’s ranking number is 1 plus the number of items ranked above it that are distinct with respect to the ranking order. In ordinal ranking, all items receive distinct ordinal numbers, including items that compare equal. The assignment of distinct ordinal numbers to items that compare equal can be done at random, or arbitrarily, but it is generally preferable to use a system that is arbitrary but consistent, as this gives stable results if the ranking is done multiple times. In computer data processing, ordinal ranking is also referred to as “row numbering”. 1 plus the number of items ranked above it plus half the number of items equal to it. This strategy has the property that the sum of the ranking numbers is the same as under ordinal ranking.

B and C each get ranking number 2. Here is an example: Suppose you have the data set 1. The ordinal ranks are 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9. Thus the fractional ranks are: 1. In statistics, ranking is the data transformation in which numerical or ordinal values are replaced by their rank when the data are sorted. For example, the numerical data 3. Some kinds of statistical tests employ calculations based on ranks.

These often follow a power law. Some ranks can have non-integer values for tied data values. Percentile rank is another type of statistical ranking. Microsoft Excel provides two ranking functions, the Rank. The functions have the order argument, which is by default is set to descending, i. A rank correlation can be used to compare two rankings for the same set of objects.

For example, Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient is useful to measure the statistical dependence between the rankings of athletes in two tournaments. The rank methodology based on some specific indices is one of the most common systems used by policy makers and international organizations in order to assess the socio-economic context of the countries. This section may require cleanup to meet Wikipedia’s quality standards. The specific problem is: written like a book and lacks citations. Being competitive is the very nature of human beings. The desire to achieve a higher social rank can be perceived as a driving force for human beings. In simple terms, we want to know who is the richest, the cleverest, the most handsome or prettiest.

We are also sometimes ranked by others: our supervisors, our neighbors, and compare our status in society with that of the others. An inevitable question is how objective or subjective these rankings are? This section does not cite any sources. In politics, rankings focus on the comparison of economic, social, environmental and governance performance of countries, see List of international rankings. In many sports, individuals or teams are given rankings, generally by the sport’s governing body.

In basketball, national teams are ranked in the FIBA World Rankings and the Women’s World Rankings. In baseball and softball, national teams are ranked in the WBSC World Rankings. In ice hockey, national teams are ranked in the IIHF World Ranking. In golf, the top male golfers are ranked using the Official World Golf Rankings, and the top female golfers are ranked using the Women’s World Golf Rankings.

In snooker, players are ranked using the Snooker world rankings. In tennis, male and female players are ranked using the ATP rankings and WTA rankings respectively, whilst the ITF rankings are used for national Davis Cup and Fed Cup teams. In road bicycle racing, male cyclists have been ranked using the UCI World Ranking from 2016, having previously been ranked using the UCI Road World Rankings from 1984 to 2004. In chess, players are ranked using the FIDE world rankings. In sailing, boats are scored directly using the sum of the ranking.

In bridge, matchpoint scoring uses fractional ranking to assign the score. In relation to credit standing, the ranking of a security refers to where that particular security would stand in a wind up of the issuing company, i. Search engines rank web pages by their expected relevance to a user’s query using a combination of query-dependent and query-independent methods. Query-independent methods attempt to measure the estimated importance of a page, independent of any consideration of how well it matches the specific query. In video gaming, players may be given a ranking. To “rank up” is to achieve a higher ranking relative to other players, especially with strategies that do not depend on the player’s skill. A bibliogram ranks common noun phrases in a piece of text.