On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. Not to be confused with Rùm, a Scottish island. This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this rum calories per shot by adding citations to reliable sources.

A view showing several floors of an underground Rûm city in Turkey. Rūm are found on the Ka’ba-ye Zartosht, a monument declaring Shapur I’s victory over Marcus Antonius Gordianus. Sivas while it was a capital of the Sultanate of Rûm. The Qur’an includes Ar-Rum, the sura dealing with “the Romans”, which is sometimes translated as “The Byzantines” to reflect a term that is now used in the West. Mediterranean for six centuries, but after the advent of Islam in Arabia in the 7th century and during the subsequent Islamic conquest of what is now Syria, Egypt and Libya in the 7th and the 8th centuries AD, the Byzantine state shrank to consist only of Anatolia and the Balkans in the Middle Ages. Muslim contact with the Byzantine Empire most often took place in Asia Minor, the bulk of which is now in Turkey, since it was the heartland of the Byzantine state from the early Middle Ages onward and so the term Rûm became fixed there geographically.

Al-Rūmī is a nisbah that designates people originating in the Eastern Roman Empire or lands that formerly belonged to it, especially those that are now called Turkey. The Greek surname Roumeliotis stems from the word Rûm borrowed by Ottomans. Mamluk-Ottoman forces that they faced in the Indian Ocean. The term Urums, also derived from the same origin, is still used in contemporary ethnography to denote Turkic-speaking Greek populations. Rumeika” is a Greek dialect identified mainly with the Ottoman Greeks. The Chinese also referred to Rum as Wulumu 務魯木 during the Qing dynasty.

Non-Ottoman Muslims in the classical period called the Ottomans Rumis because of the Byzantine legacy that was inherited by the Ottoman Empire. Roman” or “Byzantine” and was derived from the Byzantine Greek word Rhomaioi. It was the Parthian and Aramaic form that subsequently was borrowed by the Pahlawi, Armenian, Georgian, Arabic and finally Neo-Persian and Turkish languages. The Arabic and New Persian languages inherited the Pahlawi hrōm with the omission of the aspirated component in the Ancient Greek rho. Ozbaran, Salih, “Ottomans as ‘Rumes’ in Portuguese sources in the sixteenth century”, Portuguese Studies, Annual, 2001. The “Rumi Topi” of Hyderabad, by Omair M. Brill’s First Encyclopaedia of Islam, 1913-1936.

Introduction: A Rome of One’s Own: Reflections on Cultural Geography and Identity in the Lands of Rum”. Romanland: Ethnicity and Empire in Byzantium. The Sasanian World through Georgian Eyes: Caucasia and the Iranian Commonwealth in Late Antique Georgian Literature. Res Gestae Divi Saporis: Greek and Middle Iranian in a Document of Sasanian Anti-Propaganda”.